Following are the projects types along with there description available in visual studio 2010.
Windows Forms Application
A basic empty form that responds to events.
Class Library
A .NET class that can be called up by other code.
WPF Application
A basic empty form that responds to events. Although
the project type is similar to the Windows Forms
Application project type (Windows Forms), this
Windows Application project type allows you to build an
XAML-based smart client solution.
WPF Browser Application
Quite similar to the Windows Application for WPF, this variant
allows you to build an XAML-based application that is targeted
at the browser.
ASP.NET Web Application
An ASP.NET-based web site: ASP.NET pages and C# classes
that generate the HTML response sent to browsers from those
pages. This option includes a base demo application.
Empty ASP.NET Web Application
An ASP.NET-based web site: ASP.NET pages and C# classes
that generate the HTML response set to browsers from those
pages. This option doesn’t include the base demo application.
ASP.NET MVC 2 Web Application
A project type that allows you to create an ASP.NET MVC
application.
ASP.NET MVC2 Empty Web Application
A project type that allows you to create an ASP.NET MVC
application. This option doesn’t include the base demo
application.
ASP.NET Server Control
A control that can be called up by ASP.NET pages, to generate
the HTML code that gives the appearance of a control when
displayed on a browser.
ASP.NET AJAX Server Control
Allows you to build a custom server control for use within
ASP.NET applications.
ASP.NET AJAX Server Control Extender
A project type that allows you to create extenders for ASP.NET
server controls.
ASP.NET Dynamic Data Linq to SQL Web Application
A project type that allows you to build an ASP.NET that will take
advantage of ASP.NET Dynamic Data using Linq to SQL.
ASP.NET Dynamic Data Entities Web Application
A project type that allows you to build an ASP.NET that will take
advantage of ASP.NET Dynamic Data using Linq to Entities.
Silverlight Application
A project type that allows you to create a Silverlight application.
Silverlight Navigation Application
A project type that allows you to create a Silverlight application.
This application starts with a core Silverlight application that
can be extended for your personal needs.
Silverlight Class Library
A project type that allows you to create a Silverlight class
library.
WPF Custom Control Library
A custom control that can be used in a Windows Presentation
Foundation application.
WPF User Control Library
A user control library built using the Windows Presentation
Foundation.
Windows Forms Control Library
A project for creating controls to use in Windows Forms
applications.
Syndication Service Library
A WCF project that allows you to build and expose a
syndication service.
Console Application
An application that runs at the command-line prompt, or in a
console window.
WCF Service Application
A project type for Windows Communication Foundation
services.
Windows Service
A service that runs in the background on a Windows operating
system.
Enable Windows Azure Tools
Allows you to load Azure-based tools for cloud computing
solutions.
Reports Application
A project for creating an application with a Windows user
interface and a report.
Crystal Reports Application
A project for creating a C# application with a Windows user
interface and a sample Crystal Report.
Activity Designer Library
A project that provides an Activity Designer template for
working with Windows Workflow.
Activity Library
A project that provides a blank Workflow Activity Library. This
project provides for creating a library of activities that can later
be reused as building blocks in workflows.
Workflow Console Application
A project that provides a basic console application to use with
Windows Workflow.
WCF Service Library
A project that provides for creating a WCF service class library
(.dll) that has endpoints controlled via XML configuration files.
WCF Workflow Service Application
A project type that allows you to create a WCF-based
distributed communication applications that make use of Windows Workflow.
Office
A series of projects that are aimed at building applications or
add-ins targeted at the Microsoft Office applications (Word,
Excel, PowerPoint, InfoPath, Outlook, Visio, and SharePoint).